FC Bayern Munich

FC Bayern Munich (German: Fußball-Club Bayern München, IPA: [ˈbaɪ.ɐn ˈmʏnçən]) is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which is the most successful club in German football, having won 22 German titles and 15 cups.

The club was founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John.^[1] Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932,^[2] the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963.^[3] In the middle of the 1970s, the club had its period of greatest success, when the famous team led by Franz Beckenbauer won the European Cup three times in a row (1974–76). In recent years they have been by far the most successful team in German football, winning six of the last ten championships. The club’s last international title was the Intercontinental Cup in 2001, though they won their fourth European Cup the same year.

Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Bayern plays its home games in the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played for 33 years in the Olympic Stadium. The team colours are red and white, and the team crest shows the colours of Bavaria.^[4]

Bayern is a membership-based club with more than 152,000 members.^[5] There are also more than 2,500 officially-registered fan clubs with about 181,700 members.^[6] The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis, referees, and senior football with more than 1,100 active members.

Manchester United Football Club

Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to Old Trafford in 1910.

In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United was the first English football club to win the European Cup, ten years after the Munich air disaster that claimed the lives of eight players. Alex Ferguson is the most successful manager in the club’s history, having won 26 major honours since he took over in November 1986.^[3]

The club is unique in having won a Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League Treble, in the 1998–99 season. Having won a joint-record 18 league titles, four League Cups and a record 11 FA Cups,^[4] Manchester United is the joint most successful club in the history of English football.

Manchester United is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world.^[5][6][7][8] The club is said to be worth £1.19 billion, making it the most valuable football club in the world.^[9] After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million.

Refrensi :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.

F.C Barcelona

Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fudˈbɔɫ ˌklup bəɾsəˈlonə], Spanish: [ˈfuðβol kluβ βarθeˈlona]), (often known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça (Catalan: [ˈbaɾsə], Spanish: [ˈbarsa])), is a Spanish professional football club, based in Barcelona, Spain. They play in La Liga, and is one of the only three clubs, to have never been relegated.

Founded as Foot-Ball Club Barcelona in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English, and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto “Més que un club” (English: More than a club). The official Barça anthem is the “Cant del Barça” written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the world’s second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turn-over of €366 million. The club holds a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid, and matches between the two teams are referred to as “El Clásico”.

FC Barcelona is the most successful club in Spanish football in terms of overall trophies, having won twenty La Liga titles, a record twenty-five Spanish Cups, nine Spanish Super Cups, and two League Cups. They are also one of the most successful clubs in European football, having won ten UEFA competitions.^[1] It is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1954. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and Champions League. That same year, they also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.

Birth of FC Barcelona (1899–1922)

Sports Notice: Our friend and companion Hans Gamper… former Swiss [football] champion, being keen on organising some football games in the city asks anyone who feels enthusiastic enough about the sport to present themselves at the office of this newspaper any Tuesday or Friday evening between the hours of 9 and 11pm.

Gamper’s advertisement in Los Deportes^[2]

On 22 October 1899, Joan Gamper placed an advertisement in Los Deportes declaring his wish to form a football club; a positive response resulted in a meeting at the Gimnasio Solé on 29 November. Eleven players attended—Walter Wild (the first director of the club), Lluís d’Ossó, Bartomeu Terradas, Otto Kunzle, Otto Maier, Enric Ducal, Pere Cabot, Carles Pujol, Josep Llobet, John Parsons, and William Parsons—and Foot-Ball Club Barcelona was born.^[2]

FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final.^[3] Gamper became club president in 1908, the club in financial difficulty after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.^[4]

On 14 March 1909, the team moved into the Camp de la Indústria, a larger stadium with a seating capacity of 8,000 people. From 1910 to 1914 Barcelona participated in the Pyrenees Cup, which consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi, Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country, and Catalonia. At that time it was considered the finest competition open for participation.^[5][6] During the same period, the club changed its official language from Castilian to Catalan and gradually evolved into an important symbol of Catalan identity. For many fans, supporting the club had less to do with the game itself and more with being a part of the club’s collective identity.^[7]

Gamper launched a campaign to recruit more club members, and by 1922 the club had over 20,000 members and was able to finance a new stadium. The club to moved to the new Les Corts, inaugurated the same year.^[8] Les Corts had an initial capacity of 22,000, which was later expanded to 60,000.^[9] Jack Greenwell was recruited as the first full-time manager, and the club’s fortunes began to improve on the field. During the Gamper era, FC Barcelona won eleven Campionat de Catalunya, six Copas del Rey, and four Pyrenees Cups, its first “golden age”.

Refrensi :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Barcelona

Football Club Internazionale Milano

Football Club Internazionale Milano, commonly known as Internazionale or Inter, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Outside Italy, the club is often called Inter Milan.^[2][3] Inter are the champions of Italy, their win in 2009–10 being a fifth successive title, equalling the all-time record.^[4] Inter are also the reigning European champions.

Wearing black and blue stripes, they have played in the Italian first division since 1908. The club have won 29 national trophies including eighteen Italian league titles, six Italian Cups and five Italian Super Cups. At the international level, they have won three European Cup/Champions League; first of all two back-to-back European Cups in 1964 and 1965 and then, after 45 years, in 2010, completing an unprecedented (for an Italian team) treble after winning in the same season the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto. The club won also three UEFA Cups in 1991, 1994 and 1998, and two Intercontinental Cups in 1964 and 1965.

Inter play in the largest stadium in Italy, the Giuseppe Meazza stadium (also known as San Siro) and train at the Angelo Moratti Sports Center (also known as La Pinetina), a training facility 30 kilometers away in Appiano Gentile, near Como.

Refrensi :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.C._Internazionale_Milano

Need For Speed (NFS)

Need for Speed (NFS) is a series of racing video games published by Electronic Arts EA and developed by several studios including Canadian based company EA Black Box. It is the most successful racing video game series of all time, and one of the most successful overall. As of October 2009, over 100 million copies of games in the Need for Speed series have been sold.^[1]

The series was originally developed by the Canadian based company Distinctive Software, which became known as EA Canada. The series debuted with The Need for Speed in North America, Japan, and Europe in 1994. Initially, the series was exclusive to the fifth generation consoles and was featured in all of the seventh generation video game consoles by 2008. The games consist mainly of racing with various cars on various tracks, and to some extent, include police pursuits in races. In Japan, the series was released as Over Drivin. After the release of Need for Speed: High Stakes, it adopted the western name. Since Need for Speed: Underground, the series has integrated car body customization into gameplay. Currently, there are three games under development in the series.

Gameplay

The Need for Speed series are racing games, all of which employ the same fundamental rules and have similar mechanics. In each game, the player controls a race car in a variety of races, the goal being to win the race. In the tournament/career mode, the player must win a series of races in order to unlock vehicles, tracks, etc. Before playing each race, the player chooses a vehicle to race in and has the option of choosing the transmission of the vehicle, which includes automatic and manual transmission. All games in the series have some form of multiplayer mode allowing players to race one another via split screen, LAN or the internet.

Although the games share the same name, the tone and focus of the games has varied significantly, in one form or another. For example, in some games the cars can suffer mechanical and visual damage, while in other games the cars cannot be damaged at all, some games have physics—that is, the way the software simulates a real car behavior—that are reminiscent of a real car, while other games have forgiving physics (i.e. going through some curves at top speed).

With the release of Need for Speed: Underground, the series shifted focus from the racing of exotic sports cars on scenic point-to-point tracks, evocative of open road racing to import/tuner subculture, and street racing in an urban setting. To-date, this theme has remained prevalent in most of the following games.

Most of the games in the franchise include police pursuits in some form or other. In the first game, the player races against the X-Man, the objective is to beat him without getting arrested. In some of the games featuring police pursuit, the player can play as either the felon or the cop; as a felon, the player must elude the police, or if playing as the cop, must pursue and capture the felon.^[2] Introduced in Need for Speed: Underground were the concepts of drifting and dragging, which are used in drift and drag racing, respectively. These new mechanics are included in the tournament/career mode aside from the regular street races. In drift races, the player must defeat other racers by setting higher points than the other racers; these points are earned by the length and timing of the drift made by the player’s vehicle.^[3] In drag races, the player uses a car set in manual transmission. The objective in this type of race is to follow an opposing car and mimic its performance to gain a boost in the player’s speed. Like an ordinary street race, the player must finish first to win the race, though if the player crashes into an obstacle, the race ends.^[3]

The concept of car tuning evolved with each new game. In the earlier games in the series, it focused mainly on the mechanics of the car rather than the looks of it. Every game has some form of car tuning that can be set by toggling options on and off (i.e. ABS, or traction control), adjusting options (i.e. front downforce, rear downforce, brake bias, gear ratios) or upgrading parts (i.e. engine, gearbox). From Underground to the current game, customization of vehicles is based on the 2001 film The Fast and the Furious. The two categories in which the player can choose to modify his cars are visual and performance. The visual of the player’s car becomes an important aspect in tournament/career mode after the release of Need for Speed: Underground 2. The way your car appears is measured by a visual rating out of ten possible points; the more visual points the player’s car has, the more likely it is for the car to be featured in fictional automobile magazines. When a car has a high visual rating, the player is told that their vehicle is eligible to be on the cover of a magazine; thereafter, the player must drive to a specific location to take the photo of the vehicle.^[4]

Like all racing games, the Need for Speed series features an extensive list of cars that are available for the player to use. The vehicles included in the game are modeled and named after actual cars in real life. Cars in the franchise are divided into four categories, the exotic cars, the muscle cars, the tuners, and special vehicles.^[5] The exotic cars feature cars like the Lamborghini Murciélago and the SLR McLaren, the muscle cars refer to cars like the Mustang GT and the Chevrolet Corvette Z06, the tuners are cars like the Nissan Skyline and the Mitsubishi Eclipse. The special vehicle category refers to the police cars that are available for use in the game.^[5]

Originally the series took place in international settings, such as race tracks in Australia, Europe, and Africa among other settings.^[6] Beginning with Underground, the series has taken place in fictional metropolitan cities.^[7] The first game featured traffic on “head to head” game mode and on later games traffic can be toggled on and off at the options screen. Starting with Underground, traffic is a fixed obstacle added during a race.

Metal Gear Solid

Metal Gear Solid (メタルギアソリッド, Metaru Gia Soriddo,^? commonly abbreviated as MGS) is a videogame by Hideo Kojima.^[5] The game was developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and first published by Konami in 1998 for the PlayStation video game console. It is the sequel to Kojima’s early MSX2 computer games Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. The game featured cinematic cutscenes rendered using the in-game engine and graphics, as well as voice acting in numerous codec sequences.^[6]

Metal Gear Solid follows Solid Snake, a soldier who infiltrates a nuclear weapons facility to neutralize the terrorist threat from FOXHOUND, a renegade special forces unit.^[7] Snake must liberate two hostages, the head of DARPA and the president of a major arms manufacturer, confront the terrorists, and stop them from launching a nuclear strike.^[8]

Metal Gear Solid was very well-received, shipping more than six million copies,^[9] and scoring an average of 94 out of 100 on the aggregate website Metacritic.^[10] It is recognized by many critics as one of the best and most important games of all time,^[11][12] heralded as the game which made the stealth genre popular. The commercial success of the title prompted the release of an expanded version for the PlayStation and PC, titled Metal Gear Solid: Integral;^[13] and a remake, Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes was later released for the Nintendo GameCube.^[14][15] The game has also spawned numerous sequels, prequels and spin-offs, including several games, a radio drama, comics, and novels.

Despite a transition to 3D, the gameplay of Metal Gear Solid remains similar to its 2D MSX2 predecessor Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. The player must navigate the protagonist, Solid Snake, through the game’s areas without being detected by enemies.^[16] Detection is triggered by the player moving into an enemy’s field of vision and sets off an alarm that draws armed enemies to his location.^[17] This also triggers “alert mode” and the player must then hide and remain undetected, at which point “evasion mode” begins and once the counter reaches zero the game returns to “infiltration mode” where enemies are not suspicious of Snake’s presence. The radar cannot be used in alert or evasion mode.^[18]

To remain undetected, the player can perform techniques which make use of both Solid Snake’s abilities and the environment, such as crawling under objects, using boxes as cover, ducking or hiding around walls, and making noise to distract enemies. These are carried out using the third-person camera; which often changes its angle to give the player the best view of the area possible, and an on-screen radar, which displays enemies and their field of vision.^[19] Snake can also make use of many items and gadgets, such as infra-red goggles or a cardboard box disguise.^[20] The emphasis on stealth promotes a less violent form of gameplay, as fights against large groups of enemies will often result in serious damage for the player.^[21]

Intermixed with the player’s progress are cutscenes and codec conversations as well as encounters with bosses. To progress, players must discover the weaknesses of each boss to defeat them. Game controls and play strategies can also be accessed via the Codec radio, where advice is delivered from Snake’s support team; for example, the support team may chastise Snake for not saving his progress often enough, or explain his combat moves in terms of which buttons to press on the gamepad. The Codec is also used to provide exposition on the game’s backstory. Completion of the title provides the player with a statistical summary of their performance, and a “code name” based upon it, typically the name of a common animal.

In a first for the Metal Gear series, a training mode is available in which players can practice hiding techniques, weapons use, and sneaking. In addition to the stealth gameplay, there are set piece sequences that entail firefights between the player and enemies from the third-person and first-person perspectives.

Refrensi :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid

God Of War

God of War (video game)

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This article is about the game God of War. For the God of War series, see God of War (series).

For other uses, see Gods of War (disambiguation).

God of War
Kratos, protagonist of the game. (North American box art).
Developer(s)	SCE Studios Santa Monica
Publisher(s)	Sony Computer Entertainment Capcom (Japanese release)
Director(s)	David Jaffe
Producer(s)	Shannon Studstill
Designer(s)	David Jaffe (lead designer)
Programmer(s)	Tim Moss (lead programmer)
Artist(s)	Dave Matthews (lead character artist)
Writer(s)	Marianne Krawczyk Alexander Stein David Jaffe Keith Fay
Composer(s)	Gerard Marino Mike Reagan Cris Velasco Ron Fish
Series	God of War
Platform(s)	PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 (as part of God of War Collection)
Release date(s)	PlayStation 2 NA March 22, 2005 EU June 21, 2005 AUS June 21, 2005 God of War Collection NA November 17, 2009[1] EU April 30, 2010 AUS April 29, 2010[2]
Genre(s)	Action-adventure
Mode(s)	Single-player
Rating(s)	BBFC: 18 ESRB: M OFLC: MA15+ OFLC: R16+ PEGI: 18+
Media	DVD-9 (PS2), Blu-ray (God of War Collection)

God of War is an action adventure video game for the PlayStation 2 console by Sony Computer Entertainment’s Santa Monica division first released in March 2005 and is the first installment in the God of War series. Loosely based on Greek mythology and focused on protagonist Kratos, the game forms part of a saga – the God of War series – with revenge as a central theme. In this chapter, Kratos must stop the God of War, Ares, from destroying the city of Athens by finding the fabled Pandora’s Box.

Gameplay

As a third-person camera game, the player controls the character Kratos in a combination of combat, platforming and puzzle game elements. The player typically has to navigate Kratos through a long series of tests, trials and mazes to reach goals.

Kratos’ main weapons are the Blades of Chaos, with secondary weapon the Blade of Artemis also being acquired. Magic is also acquired, with four different attacks being available: Poseidon’s Rage, Medusa’s Gaze, Zeus’ Fury, and Army of Hades. The relic Poseidon’s Trident is also obtained, which allows Kratos to breathe underwater. Kratos also temporarily wields the Blade of the Gods during the final fight with Ares.

A special ability called “Rage of the Gods” is also acquired, which provides temporary invulnerability and increased attack damage. It can be recharged by killing enemies.

Health and Magic upgrades – Gorgon Eyes and Phoenix Feathers respectively – are found throughout the game in chests. Six of each are needed to upgrade the Health and Magic bars respectively. Other chests found in the game, containing orbs, are marked with a corresponding color for the orbs (green, blue, and red). Green Orbs replenish health, blue orbs replenish magic and red orbs provide experience, which in turn allows the upgrading of magic and weapons.

Red orbs may also be collected by killing foes and destroying certain inanimate objects. Combat includes a quick-time feature, which is initiated when the player has weakened a stronger foe and a icon (the circle button on the controller) appears above them. The player then presses the corresponding button commands appearing on screen, with success ending the battle, and failure usually resulting in damage. A “grab” manoeuvre is also available for use on minor foes that yields experience points in the form of red orbs.

A quick-time sex mini-game is included (an encounter with two hand maidens on Kratos’ ship). A Challenge mode (seven trials called “ Challenge of the Gods”) is also included in the bonus features, which unlocks secret costumes and behind-the-scenes videos.

[edit] Plot

Kratos is a warrior in the service of the Greek gods of Olympus. It is revealed in a series of flashbacks that Kratos was once a captain in the Spartan army. A fierce warrior, Kratos led his army through several victories, until finally meeting an invading horde of barbarians. The Spartan is overwhelmed by sheer numbers and Kratos is on the verge of being killed by the Barbarian King, when in a moment of desperation, he calls to the God of War, Ares, and pledges his life in servitude if Ares will spare him and provide the power to destroy his enemies.

Ares hears Kratos’ prayer and bonds the “Blades of Chaos” (a pair of blades attached to chains and forged in the depths of Tartarus) to his new servant. Kratos then returns to the confrontation with the Barbarian King and decapitates his foe. A victorious Kratos then wages war against all of Greece, and eventually leads an attack on a village occupied by worshippers of Athena. Ares tricks Kratos by placing his wife and child in the village, whom Kratos accidentally kills. Although Ares intends for this act to make Kratos the perfect warrior, Kratos renounces his servitude to Ares. The oracle of the now destroyed village curses Kratos, and the ashes of his family adhere to his skin, turning it ash-white. Now the “Ghost of Sparta”, Kratos is plagued by nightmares of his horrible deed and commits to ten years of servitude to the other gods of Olympus. Eventually tired of his servitude, Kratos summons Athena, who states that if Kratos performs one final deed—the murder of Ares—he will be forgiven for the murder of his family. Athena assigns Kratos to destroy Ares because Zeus has forbidden divine intervention.

Kratos is guided by the goddess Athena to the city of Athens, which is under siege by Ares’ minions. Kratos battles his way to Athens’ oracle, but not before also having a strange encounter with a grave digger, who encourages Kratos to continue with his task. Finding the oracle, Kratos learns the only way to defeat Ares is to locate and use Pandora’s Box, a legendary artifact which can give a mortal the power to kill a god.

After traversing the Desert of Lost Souls, Kratos summons the Titan Cronos. Cronos has the Temple of Pandora chained to his back: a punishment inflicted by Zeus for Cronos’ role in the Great War. Kratos climbs the Temple for three days before reaching the entrance, and on entering overcomes an array of deadly traps and an army of monsters. Kratos eventually finds Pandora’s Box, but on leaving the Temple with the artifact is murdered by Ares, who is aware that his former servant has succeeded. As a group of harpies take the Box to Ares, Kratos falls into the Underworld. Kratos, however, battles his way through the underworld, and with the aid of the mysterious grave digger, who mentions that Athena is not the only god watching over him, escapes and returns to Athens.

Recovering Pandora’s Box from Ares, Kratos opens it and uses the power to become god-like. Despite Ares’ best efforts to destroy Kratos both physically and mentally, including being stripped of the Blades of Chaos, Kratos survives and kills his foe with the ancient Blade of the Gods. Athens is saved, and although Athena states that Kratos’ sins are forgiven, the gods cannot rid him of his nightmares. Kratos then attempts to commit suicide by casting himself into the Aegean Sea, but Athena intervenes and brings him to Mount Olympus. As a reward for his services to the gods, Athena grants him Athena’s Blades and Kratos becomes the new God of War.

Refrensi :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_War_%28video_game%29